Building Character

The Racial Politics of Modern Architectural Style

Beautifully argued, elegantly written, and extremely provocative . . . based on wide reading, careful archival research, and a great deal of reflection well outside of the ordinary contours of architectural history. . . . it should be used as an exemplar, one that could open up discussions about more recent architectural discourses and historical approaches—not to mention pedagogy.
The Plan Journal

Winner, 2021 CAAA Charles Rufus Morey Book Award
Winner, 2021 On the Brinck Book Award
Shortlist, 2020 MSA First Book Prize

In the nineteenth-century paradigm of architectural organicism, the notion that buildings possessed character provided architects with a lens for relating the buildings they designed to the populations they served. Advances in scientific race theory enabled designers to think of “race” and “style” as manifestations of natural law: just as biological processes seemed to inherently regulate the racial characters that made humans a perfect fit for their geographical contexts, architectural characters became a rational product of design. Parallels between racial and architectural characters provided a rationalist model of design that fashioned some of the most influential national building styles of the past, from the pioneering concepts of French structural rationalism and German tectonic theory to the nationalist associations of the Chicago Style, the Prairie Style, and the International Style. In Building Character, Charles Davis traces the racial charge of the architectural writings of five modern theorists—Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Gottfried Semper, Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, and William Lescaze—to highlight the social, political, and historical significance of the spatial, structural, and ornamental elements of modern architectural styles.

about the author

Charles L. Davis II

Charles L. Davis II is an assistant professor of architectural history and criticism at the University at Buffalo, SUNY.

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Charles L. Davis II