Philosophy / Logic

Rescher defines an apory as a group of individually plausible but collectively incompatible theses. Citing thinkers from the pre-Socratics through Spinoza, Hegel, and Nicolai Hartmann, he builds a framework for coping with the complexities of divergent theses, and shows in detail how aporetic analysis can be applied to a variety of fields including philosophy, mathematics, linguistics, logic, and intellectual history.

Uniting the mathematical with the philosophical approaches to formal logic, this book is filled with examples, exercises, and straightforward assessments of some of the most common problems in teaching the subject.

Through his S-R model of statistical relevance, Wesley Salmon offers a solution to the scientific explanation of objectively improbable events. Two other essays compliment the statisticl relevance model.

The ten essays in this book present the thoughts of major Arabic philosophers in history, while speaking to their basis in Greek philosophy and the influence of Arabic philosophy on the West.

Nicholas Rescher, by examining and reproducing sources in Arabic philosophy, seeks to definitively settle the debate over whether Galen originated the fourth figure of the categorical syllogism.