March 17, 2026
|9780822968061|An Environmental History of Labor and Migration|On June 23, 1946, Italy and Belgium signed the “men in exchange for coal” agreement, in which Italy committed to sending 50,000 workers each year to the Belgian coal mines, and Belgium pledged to supply a few thousand tons of coal to Italy each month. The first treaty of its kind, the agreement paved the way for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), a precursor of the first European Union. In Coal Lives, Daniele Valisena explores the relationship between labor migration, coal extraction, and environmental transformation in the Belgian coalfields of Wallonia. Drawing…